The invention discloses a fireproof thermal-insulation functional material and a structure for special carriages. The fireproof thermal-insulation functional material sequentially comprises a fireproof thermal insulation layer (1), a carriage or shelter body steel plate (2) and a thermal insulation layer (3) from the outside of a carriage or a shelter to the inside of the carriage or the shelter,wherein the fireproof thermal insulation layer (1) is composed of a protective finish paint layer (11), an anti-burning functional layer (12), a heat insulation functional layer (13) and a rust-proofbase body layer (14); the thermal insulation layer (3) is composed of a high-temperature-resistant thermal-insulation layer (31) composed of a high-thermal-resistance layer (312), and a high-reflection layer a (311), and a low-heat-conduction thermal-insulation layer (32) composed of a high-heat-resistance layer a (322) and a high-reflection layer b (321); and the periphery of a multi-layer structure composed of the high-temperature-resistant thermal-insulation layer (31) and the low-heat-conduction thermal-insulation layer (32) is wrapped with fiber cloth (33). The structure is good in fireproof performance, good in heat insulation effect, high in efficiency, small in thick bottom, low in weight, tight in connection of all layers and not prone to falling off.