The invention provides a prefabricated interior brick wall partition device and a construction method. The prefabricated interior brick wall partition device comprises a prefabricated interior brick wall partition, a folding-unfolding clamp for unfolding and folding, and a die used for paving wall bricks on the surface of the prefabricated interior brick wall partition. According to the prefabricated interior brick wall partition device and the construction method, standardized implementation for a complete construction process flow is guaranteed through factory prefabrication for the prefabricated interior brick wall partition; the integration of design and construction is realized through mechanized wall brick pavement of the die; and fine construction is realized by adding the procedures of standardized management for the construction flow and quality-inspection detection, so that the overall speed of the surface brick pavement is greatly increased, the overall quality of the surface brick pavement is greatly improved, and the manual investment is reduced.