The invention discloses a fiber reinforced composite material winding mandrel, a winding tool and a tension tool. The mandrel is formed by splicing an upper semi-cylinder and a lower semi-cylinder; aplurality of threaded holes used for being connected with a clamping flange are formed in the two end faces in the axial direction of the mandrel, and the threaded holes in each end face are evenly distributed in a circumferential curve with the center of the end face as the circle center. The mandrel is provided with two axial through holes used for being connected with a tension component, the two axial through holes are formed in the two semi-cylinders respectively, and the two axial through holes are symmetrically arranged relative to the central axis of the mandrel. When the mandrel is combined with the clamping flange, the fiber winding tool is formed, and fiber winding on a winding machine can be achieved. When a tensile joint, the mandrel, a sensor assembly and a heating ring are combined, the tension test tool is formed, direct measurement of tensile strength and elastic modulus of the composite material after fiber winding and curing is performed, and detection of large-tension winding reliability can be realized.