The invention discloses a switch cabinet partial discharge simulation device based on automatic control. The device comprises discharge electrode models, electric actuating mechanism and control unit,a flexible buffer, a camera and a dustproof cover, wherein the multiple discharge electrode models are correspondingly arranged above a plurality of busbars; the electric actuating mechanism and control unit comprise a linear module, an encoder and a controller; the linear module comprises a stepping motor and a lead screw sliding block which is driven by the stepping motor to move linearly; thecorresponding discharge electrode model is connected with the lead screw sliding block; the linear module drives the corresponding discharge electrode model to move up and down through the lead screwsliding block; the encoder is connected with the stepping motor and used for feeding back a position signal of the corresponding discharge electrode model; the flexible buffer is mounted on a copper bar electrode or the corresponding discharge electrode model; the camera is mounted on a cabinet body behind a busbar chamber; and the dustproof cover is arranged above the electric actuating mechanismand control unit in a covering manner. According to the device, various fault types in an operation state of a switch cabinet can be simulated, synchronous addition of interference signals can be realized, and inconvenience of manually adjusting the discharge models is avoided.