The invention discloses an organization name disambiguation method and device based on geographic position information, and the method comprises the steps: extracting input text information to generate an organization information set, carrying out the mining of the input text information to generate information with geographic position directivity, and carrying out the structuralization of the information into a geographic position directivity information set; mapping each mechanism in the mechanism information set into different geographic positions according to the mechanism information set,the geographic position directivity information set and the multi-map API, and structuring a mapping result to generate a structured mechanism information set; performing similarity calculation on the structured mechanism information set according to a similarity algorithm, and generating a mechanism similarity matrix according to a calculation result; and judging whether different mechanisms inthe mechanism information set belong to the same mechanism or not according to the mechanism similarity matrix, performing mechanism naming disambiguation according to a judgment result, and outputting a disambiguation result. The method can assist in quickly and accurately realizing naming disambiguation among different institutions in academic achievements.