The invention relates to an energy storage control method and system for enhancing system damping. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) collecting a three-phase voltage of a connection point of energy storage and a power system, and building a d-q coordinate system to enable the q-axis component of the three-phase voltage to be 0; (2) collecting the rotating speed ofa synchronous machine in the power system or collecting the frequency of the three-phase voltage of the connection point of the energy storage and the power system, and taking the deviation of the rotating speed of the synchronous machine or the frequency deviation of the three-phase voltage as a feedback signal of a controller in the power system; (3) performing operation on the feedback signal of the controller in the power system through a filtering link, a gain link and a phase compensation link to generate a d-axis current control reference signal and a q-axis current control reference signal of the energy storage; and (4) respectively superposing the d-axis current control reference signal and the q-axis current control reference signal of the energy storage into an original controllink of the energy storage to obtain d-axis and q-axis current control signals of the energy storage. The method can be widely applied to the technical field of energy storage control.