The invention discloses a network topology structure adjustment method and device. The method comprises the following steps: transmitting a data packet to target equipment through each port of a switch, and capturing a feedback data packet returned by the target equipment from each port; analyzing the returned feedback data packet, and obtaining the construction information of the transmission network of each port, the construction information comprising the node position information of the network topology; generating a corresponding initial topological structure from network nodes in the network topology according to the node position information of the network topology; in the topological structure, selecting a network node meeting preset direction number and capacity requirements, andtaking the network node as an alternative ring node; and adjusting the initial topological structure into a ring network topological structure according to the alternative ring node. In addition, by adopting the ring network topology method, the efficiency and quality of microwave network planning can be improved, and the reliability of the central network node is improved.