Disclosed is an ion mobility spectrometer and sniffing device. The ion mobility spectrometer comprises: an ion mobility spectrometer, comprising an ion mobility tube (101), and a gas inlet, a gas outlet and a mobility gas inlet provided thereon; a sampling gas path provided with a sampling device (111), with the sampling device (111) comprising a sampling head and a sampling tube (110) and being configured to temporarily store a gas sample collected by the sampling head in the sampling tube (110); a sample gas introduction path having two ends respectively in communication with the gas inlet and gas outlet of the ion mobility tube (101), with the sampling tube (110) being connected in parallel to the sample introduction gas path and being configured to introduce a carrier gas in the ion mobility tube (101) into the sampling tube (110) and load the gas sample temporarily stored in the sampling tube (110) into the ion mobility tube (101); and a valve assembly configured to only allow gas to flow from the sampling device (111) to the sampling tube (110) in a sampling state and only allow gas to flow from the ion mobility tube (101) back into the ion mobility tube (101) via the sampling tube (110). Pulsed aspiration sampling can be achieved by means of a valve assembly to improve the sensitivity of ion mobility detection.