A data encoding method, a data decoding method, devices and a storage medium. The data encoding method comprises: determining a value of a syntactic element of point cloud data, wherein the point cloud data comprises an attribute value of a point cloud, and the syntactic element is used for indicating a search range of the attribute value of the point cloud during predictive encoding (S301); and performing prediction processing on the attribute value of the point cloud according to the search range to obtain a residual of the attribute value of the point cloud, and encoding the residual of the attribute value of the point cloud and a difference between the value of the syntactic element and a fixed numerical value to generate code stream data, wherein the fixed numerical value is a positive number (S302). By means of the method, the complexity of encoding and decoding algorithms can be reduced, and the encoding and decoding efficiency can be improved.