The anode oxidation electrolytic solution is prepared with water as solvent and its components include 20-300 g/L sodium hydroxide solution and one or several of 5-100 g/L borax solution, 10-200 g/L silicate solution, 10-100 g/L tungstate solution and 20-300 g/L carbonate solution. It has no toxic matter and no environmental pollution and is used in anode oxidation of magnesium and magnesium alloy to obtain anode oxidation film capable of raising the anticorrosive performance of magnesium and magnesium alloy and providing excellent substrate for making organic coating or coloring treatment toreach different decoration purpose.