The present invention relates to a data encoding apparatus (1) comprising: a prediction unit (11) for calculating a prediction value of target data using read data; a subtractor (12) for calculating a prediction error value, which is the error between the target data and the prediction value; a filtering unit (13) and a subtractor (14) for performing filtering on the prediction error value relating to the target data and a determined prediction error value, to calculate a corrected prediction error value relating to the target data; an absolute value calculation unit (15) for calculating the absolute value of the corrected prediction error value; a k parameter determination unit (18) for determining the code length of a fixed length code part using the flatness and dynamic range of the absolute corrected prediction error value; and a Golomb-Rice encoding unit (19) for encoding the absolute corrected prediction error value by dividing it into a variable length code part and the fixed length code part.