The utility model relates to an aluminous piston pressure casting machine, which comprises a lathe bed, a skid platform arranged at the upper part of the lathe bed, a top mold mechanism arranged on the skid platform, an external mold and a margin core mechanism arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the skid platform, a middle core mechanism and a tilting mechanism arranged inside the lathe bed, and a defending and automatic opening and closing door mechanism arranged outside the lathe bed. The utility model is connected into a whole through an electrical system and a hydropneumatic and pneumatic system. The automatization of the actions such as opening and closing mold, taking out mold core, pressurizing and opening and closing door, etc. in the casting process are finished. The utility model has the characteristics that: firstly, a split top mold mechanism is adopted, not only a pressure casting aluminous piston with inner-cooling but a ceramic fibre partial reinforced composite piston with inner-cooling can be produced; secondly, a totally enclosed shield structure is adopted, thereby ensuring the security, the work time and the operation convenience of operators; thirdly, pressure checking alarmof air pressure and hydraulic pressure is adopted, thereby further ensuring the security of the operation.