The utility model discloses an energy-saving hydraulic control device for a variable speed driving shield cutterhead, comprising a main hydraulic circuit and a make-up circuit; wherein, the main hydraulic circuit consists of a change speed motor, a two-way hydraulic pump, a one-way valve, a hydraulic motor, a hydraulic lock, a reversing valve and a spillover valve. The output revolution of the asynchronous motor of the two-way hydraulic pump is controlled by variable speed; the revolution of the asynchronous motor is changed by adjusting the output signal of a rotary speed controller according to the rotary speed required by the cutterhead cutting earth mass, thus controlling the flow volume output by the two-way hydraulic pump; the hydraulic motor is driven to output the torque and revolution required by the cutterhead. The main hydraulic circuit, which adopts a closed type hydraulic circuit, directly transmits the liquid oil at the oil drainage mouth of the hydraulic motor to the inlet port of the motor through the two-way hydraulic pump, thus reducing the volume of the hydraulic system pump station. High and low working pressures are provided to meet the requirements of the shield driving cutterhead which runs under different geological conditions, such as soft land and hard rock. By adopting a change speed control, the flow volume output by the hydraulic pump is matched with the power of the cutterhead with an obvious energy-saving effect.