Discloses is a controllable bladder type expansion device, including an upper sleeve component(1). An upper cover plate(2) is fixed on the top of the upper sleeve component(1), an upper elastic sealing element(3) is arranged on the upper part inside the upper sleeve component(1), the lower part of the upper sleeve component(1) is connected with an upper open at the top of an expansion extrusion container(5), the expansion extrusion container(5) is made of material which is expanded outwards to present a folding state when fluid below 8MPa is poured into the expansion extrusion container(5). An upper via hole of a grouting pipe(6) which is communicated with the upper open of the expansion extrusion container(5) and at least one upper via hole of a transmission component(7) are arranged on the upper sleeve component(1), the upper cover plate(2) and the upper elastic sealing element(3). The aim thereof is to provide the controllable bladder type expansion device which can increase the effect for grouting and strengthening, underpinning and rectification of a foundation base in complex strata, increase the bearing capacity of single pile and single anchor, and increase the bearing capacity of a reinforced element or a component in soil.