A multi-band compatible signal generation and receiving device belongs to the airborne synthetic aperture radar receiving and signal generating equipment technical field, for providing multi-band wideband emission signals to radar system in simultaneous or division time type, realizing multi-band echo receiving in division time type, realizing miniaturization and strong electromagnetic compatibility. The multi-band compatible signal generation and receiving device is characterized by comprising a wideband signal generator, a power divider, a Ku band frequency conversion modulator, a X band frequency conversion modulator, a L band frequency conversion modulator, a P band frequency conversion modulator, a Ku band frequency conversion receiver, a X band frequency conversion receiver, a P band frequency conversion receiver, a single-pole multi-throw switch, an orthogonal demodulation unit, a data collection unit and a multi-band frequency synthesizer. The utility model adopts compatible technique to realize multi-band SAR signal generation and receiving function, and realize circuit integration and miniaturization, thus is suitable for airborne small platform scouting system.