The utility model discloses a high-voltage power supply debugging and detecting device, which comprises an industrial computer, a first digital input/output unit, a first optical fiber driver interface, a second optical fiber driver interface and optical fibers. A signal input/output port of the second optical fiber driver interface is connected with a bus of the industrial computer through the first digital input/output unit; an optical fiber-connecting port of the second optical fiber driver interface is connected with an optical fiber-connecting port of the first optical fiber driver interface through the optical fiber; and a signal input/output port of the first optical fiber driver interface is connected with a control port of at least one controlled serial device through a IC serial bus. The utility model adopts the optical fiber isolation technology and has a two-way communication function, not only can control the switching and boosting process of a high-voltage power supply but also can read information such as the voltage state fed back by the high-voltage power supply, and is generally used to debug and detect the operation of the digitally controlled high-voltage power supply.