A device for treating coal chemical wastewater through anaerobic co-metabolism relates to a processing device for coal chemical wastewater, solving the problems in the prior anaerobic treatment for coal chemical wastewater that the start-up is difficult and the treating effect is bad. The device comprises a first scheme as follows: adjacent two anaerobic reaction devices are connected in series through a second passing pipe; one end of the second passing pipe is communicated with the water outlet of an anaerobic reactor and the other end is communicated with the water inlet of a mixing tank; the water outlet of a final stage anaerobic reactor is communicated with the water inlet of an anaerobic sedimentation tank through a third passing pipe; in addition, a plurality of the anaerobic reaction devices are connected in parallel through a first passing pipe; one end of a main pipeline is communicated with the water inlet of a hydrolysis acidification reactor; one end of each branch pipeline is respectively communicated with the water inlet of the mixing tank of the anaerobic reaction devices; and the water outlet of the anaerobic reactor of each anaerobic reaction device is communicated with the water inlet of the anaerobic sedimentation tank through the third passing pipe. The device for treating coal chemical wastewater through anaerobic co-metabolism is easy to start and has good treating effect.