The utility model discloses a fast clamping device of an universal cutter tool, which comprises a support body, at least one press plate and a connecting plate, wherein a phase strip is arranged at the lower end of the press plate, and can be matched with the press plate for tightly clamping an inclined cutter or a flat cutter, the fast clamping device also comprises a linkage mechanism which comprises a telescopic handle device and a linkage ring, the telescopic handle device is used for controlling the press plate to be simultaneously and tightly pressed or released, a convex corner is arranged on the telescopic handle device, a concave opening corresponding to the convex corner is arranged on the linkage ring, the convex corner is correspondingly clamped into the concave notch, and the effect of controlling the positive press plate and the negative press plate to simultaneously work by one linkage mechanism can be realized, the cost is saved, the use is more convenient, the contact between a special workpiece and the fast clamping device of the universal cutter tool of the utility model can be avoided, and the work efficiency can be improved.