An automatic retraction and extension emergency refuge device mainly comprises hinged covers (1), connecting rods A (2), connecting rods B (3), a motor (4), bolts (5), nuts (6), adjusting sleeves (7), a screw rod (8) and self-lock devices (9), wherein the connecting rods A (2) form a four-rod mechanism type multilayer placed base structure (21); the connecting rods B (3) form a vertical connection structure (31); the base structure (21) and the vertical connection structure (31) are connected to form the whole solid structure of the device; the motor (4) is connected with the base structure through the screw rod (8); on the four pairs of hinged covers (1), the self-lock devices (9) are arranged on the relatively inner sides; and the self-lock enables the device to have a compression-resist structure with certain strength and rigid. The utility model can become the emergency refuge for people when a mining accident happens or a house collapses in an earthquake; the mechanism design is unique, the starting is rapid, the whole model conception is ingenious, the equipment made of appropriate material can have stronger compression-resist capability, and the personal safety can be ensured; and the operation is simple, the cost is low, and the device can become the emergency refuge for people in case of emergency.