The utility model relates to a dedusting and deodoring treatment system for exhaust produced in tobacco primary processing; the exhaust treatment system comprises a multi-stage chemical scrubber, a blower, an ion sterilization deodorant centralized treatment box and an ion generator; the ion sterilization deodorant centralized treatment box comprises a distribution air duct and a ventilation branch pipe which is arranged on the distribution air duct; the ion generator is communicated with the ion sterilization deodorant centralized treatment box through the air duct; the multi-stage chemical scrubber, the blower and the ion sterilization deodorant centralized treatment box are connected through the air duct sequentially; the multi-stage chemical scrubber is connected with an exhaust inlet; and fully treated exhaust is emitted to the air through a vent of the ion sterilization deodorant centralized treatment box. The dedusting and deodoring treatment system for tobacco primary processing links the multi-stage chemical scrubber and a BOP centralized treatment box, can fully remove the abnormal impurities in abnormal gas produced in tobacco primary processing, thoroughly purifies and has the purification efficiency which is above 95 percents.