The utility model discloses a rubber roller surface cooling device comprising a cooling tank and a rubber roller, wherein the cooling tank is internally provided with a water absorption sponge; the bottom of the rubber roller is immersed into the water absorption sponge; a steel roller is pressed on the upper top of the rubber roll; and the side part of the rubber roller is provided with an air nozzle. The rubber roller surface cooling device has the advantages of fast cooling speed, very uniform surface cooling, no need of cooling circulation water inside the roller, simplicity in operation and the like. The rubber roller is partially immersed in the water absorption sponge containing chilled water, and the water absorption sponge is directly and uniformly contacted with the surface of the rubber roller so as to reduce the surface temperature of the roller to the maximum extent and enable the surface of the roller to have very uniform temperature and be fast in cooling speed. In addition, before the rubber roller is embossed or calendered, residual water on the surface of the rubber roller is blown off by high-pressure airflow sprayed from the air nozzle so as enable the rubber roller not to carry water and influence the quality of embossed or calendered products.