The utility model relates to an intelligent 10-20kV protection device for overcurrent and phase shortage of a transformer. The intelligent 10-20kV protection device is characterized by comprising a signal data acquisition circuit, a signal data calculation and judgment circuit, a switching operation circuit and an optical transceiver circuit, wherein the signal data acquisition circuit acquires signal data from a transformer equipment system and is connected with the signal data calculation and judgment circuit and the optical transceiver circuit in an outputting manner; the signal data calculation and judgment circuit is connected with the switch operation circuit and the optical transceiver circuit in an outputting manner; the switch operation circuit is connected with the optical transceiver circuit which is connected with an optical fiber communication cable circuit that is connected with an intelligent distribution control center; the intelligent 10-20kV protection device develops intelligent protection management for overcurrent and phase shortage of a distribution transformer by utilizing advanced electronic technology; and when high-low voltage overcurrent and phase shortage accidents occur in operation of the distribution transformer, maintenance staff arrive at a site for the first time and can carry out maintenance in time, the handling time of the accidents is shortened, the power supply capacity is increased, and the enterprise and social benefits are increased. Simultaneously, the intelligent 10-20kV protection device also plays a role in actively promoting the development of a distribution system intelligence technology.