The utility model discloses an automatic explosion-prevention and explosion-suppression device for a mine. The device consists of a shock wave receiving device 1, a front suspension device 2, a rear suspension device 3 and a main body assembly 4. The main body assembly 4 mainly comprises a locking device 5, a high-pressure air cavity assembly 10, a transition cavity assembly 6, an outer cover assembly 9, a pressure gauge component 8 and an inflation device 7, wherein the locking device is linked with the shock wave receiving device at the front; the rear part of the locking device is hermetically linked with the high-pressure air cavity assembly; the front part of the transition cavity assembly is linked with the outer part of the locking device; the rear part of the transition cavity assembly is linked with the outer cover assembly 9 which stores fire fighting powder; and the inflation device and the pressure gauge assembly are communicated with the high-pressure air cavity assembly and are fixed on the transition cavity assembly. The automatic explosion prevention and explosion-suppression device is used in the coal mine with a hazard of gas explosion or coal-dust explosion. When the explosion occurs, the locking device is triggered by shock waves and fire fighting powder cloud layers are sprayed from the outer cover under the action of the high-pressure air cavity to quickly and effectively prevent and suppress the explosion, extinguish flames, prevent the explosion from being expanded and spreading to cause chain explosion, and reduce casualties and loss. The explosion-prevention effect is good; electricity is not used; and the automatic explosion-prevention and explosion-suppression device is applicable to a large-tilt angle roadway.