The utility model provides a calcination flue gas absorbing and treating device. The device comprises a solid material calcination device, a primary absorption tower, a secondary absorption tower and a tertiary absorption tower. Flue gas absorbing filtrate in the primary absorption tower is fed from a filtrate storage tank by a pump, and filter materials in the secondary absorption tower further absorb and purify tail gas of the primary absorption tower. Leacheate in the tertiary absorption tower is fed from a leacheate tank by a pump, the tail gas of the secondary absorption tower is fed into the bottom of the tertiary absorption tower by a fan, and flue gas reaching the standard after being strengthened in absorption and purification is discharged from the top of the tertiary absorption tower. The calcination flue gas absorbing and treating device has the advantages that chemical stability is good, effects for absorbing harmful flue gas and dedusting are excellent, the discharged flue gas reaches the industrial discharge standard, and the like.