An anchoring type graded deblocking packer for an oil well comprises a packing device and an anchoring device, and is characterized in that a rubber cylinder (6) and a short pipe-shaped hydraulic cylinder (4) is sheathed between the upper end of an upper cone (7) at the outer pipe wall of a rubber cylinder sleeve (5) and an upper joint (1), and the hydraulic cylinder (4) is fixed on the rubber cylinder sleeve (5) by a deblocking shear pin (2). The anchoring type graded deblocking packer has a simple structure, is convenient to operate and reliable in working, can be used in the layering operation of an oil field, and can realize graded deblocking of multiple packers when a pipe column is lifted for deblocking, thus reducing the upward lifting force of whole deblocking, reducing construction difficulty and avoiding underground accidents.