The utility model provides a single-shaft numerical control system for a numerical control machine tool, which has low system cost and small volume and is simple and convenient to assemble, and the failure rate of the system is greatly reduced. The single-shaft numerical control system comprises a shell and a back cover, wherein a lining plate is connected in the front of the shell; a display window and a keyboard are arranged on the lining plate; a keyboard circuit board and a liquid crystal display circuit board are fixedly arranged on the lining plate in the shell; a system mainboard is fixedly arranged in the back cover; a single row of needles are jointly connected on the keyboard circuit board and the liquid crystal display circuit board; two rows of needle-shaped sockets are fixedly arranged on the system mainboard; two rows of hole-shaped sockets are fixedly arranged on the keyboard circuit board; and the two rows of hole-shaped sockets correspond to the two rows of needle-shaped plugs, and the double rows of needle-shaped plugs are plugged in the two rows of hole-shaped sockets. In the single-shaft numerical control system, the liquid crystal display circuit board is directly spliced with the keyboard circuit board in a needle type connection manner, and the system mainboard is directly spliced with the keyboard circuit board in a needle type connection, therefore, installing working procedures are reduced, and the assembling is simple and convenient; and flat cables are omitted, therefore, the system cost is reduced.