A short-shaft type part backside material-receiving device for an automatic lathe belongs to the metal cutting field and comprises a material jacking mechanism equipped inside main shafts. The material jacking mechanism makes a push rod and a compression spring equipped inside a sleeve through screws. A bush is sleeved on the outer side of the sleeve. A rectangular spring and a spring chuck are equipped between the sleeve and the bush. The bush is fixedly equipped inside the main shafts through nuts. One side of a main shaft casing is provided with a material receiving box. The short-shaft type part backside material-receiving device in the utility model has the obvious advantages of simple compact structure, high reliability, low cost and relative processing and assembling easiness, etc. The short-shaft type part backside material-receiving device can automatically collect short-shaft type parts on the side of a backside main shaft without additionally equipping any power device.