A portable optical cable taking-up and paying-off vehicle consists of a main machine and a wheel changeable cart, wherein the main machine and the wheel changeable cart are locked by four clamping bolts and are supplied with power by a battery, the main machine is composed of a main machine frame, an optical cable disc, a cable reel dialing frame, a fastening tip cone, a cable distributing mechanism, a guide device, a metering device, a left cable conveying mechanism and a right cable conveying mechanism which are symmetrical, a left force variable cable pressing wheel device and a right force variable cable pressing wheel device which are symmetrical, a left cable cleaning device and a right cable cleaning device which are symmetrical, and an electrical control unit, wherein the wheel changeable cart consists of a cart rack, a wheel frame in which an independent single wheel or parallel double wheels can be arranged on the same axle, and a folding vehicle handle with a distributing speed control handle; with the adoption of a servo driving technique and a high-precision detecting technique which are controlled by a program, the cable can be paved fast, the efficiency is high, and the paving is safe and reliable; an open type optical cable loading mechanism can realize the taking-up and paying-off of the optical cable, can be operated manually and automatically and is flexible and convenient; the portable optical cable taking-up and paying-off vehicle can be pushed, drawn and lifted and can be applied to the physical environment or the disaster fighting where people cannot get access.