The utility model discloses a GPS (Global Positioning System) second-based real-time self-adaptive evenly-spaced sampling synchronous data acquisition device, which consists of a preposed processing circuit, an analog-to-digital converter, a GPS and antenna module and an MCU (Micro-programmed Control Unit) micro controller, wherein the preposed processing circuit is used for sampling a tested signal, amplifying and rectifying the sampled tested signal, and transmitting the processed signal to the signal input end of the analog-to-digital converter respectively; the analog-to-digital converter is a 16-bit synchronous sampling analog-to-digital converter for simulating input on six paths; and the GPS and antenna module is used for receiving a high-frequency signal, decoding and generating a second-based PPS (Pulses Per Second) signal which serves as a second-based signal of the micro controller and is used for measuring the working clock frequency FCLK (Frame Clock) of the MCU per second to generate a second synchronous sampled signal. A compensation sampling point can be corrected in real time to compensate for a sampling interval value, so that the uniformity and interval deviation of a sampling period are minimized, accurate synchronization of second-based sampling pulses is realized, the accuracy and deviation of a working clock are corrected, and a sampling period error is smaller than a set range.