The utility model discloses a deep-water single-wall steel sheet pile cofferdam structure with small soil penetration depth, which comprises a plurality of bored cast-in-place piles, a steel sheet pile cofferdam, sand bags and high-pressure jet grouting piles, wherein the steel sheet pile cofferdam surrounds the bored cast-in-place piles, and the plane dimensions of the cofferdam are greater than the plane dimensions of a bearing platform to be constructed so as to reserve a construction working space; the sand bags are arranged outside the cofferdam and thrown to the surface of the riverbed; and the high-pressure jet grouting piles are constructed inside the cofferdam and outside the bored cast-in-place piles. With the steel sheet pile cofferdam provided by the utility model, the bridge deep-water bearing platform on piles and the underwater part of bridge piers can be constructed as a low cost and minimum risk, and the double-wall steel cofferdam scheme with high cost is not needed to construct. The use amount of turnover steel of the cofferdam as a temporary project is economized, and the application range of the deep-water steel sheet pile cofferdam construction technique is enlarged.