The utility model discloses a powder sifter linkage system of a rod mill. The powder sifter linkage system comprises an air blower, a rod mill, a micro powder screening machine and a material collection device, wherein the material collection device comprises a cyclone material collector and a double-helix vertical type powder mixer; a material inlet of the material collector is communicated with a fine powder outlet of the micro powder screening machine through a material inlet pipe; a material outlet at the bottom of the material collector is communicated with the double-helix vertical type powder mixer through a closed material unloading machine; the top of the material collector is communicated with a pulse dust remover through a hose; an air outlet of the pulse dust remover is communicated with a draught fan; an outlet of an ash bucket is communicated with the double-helix vertical type powder mixer; a material inlet of the rod mill is communicated with a blower nozzle of the air blower; a material outlet at the bottom of the micro powder screening machine is communicated with a material inlet of the rod mill and the blower nozzle of the air blower; and the material outlet of the rod mill is communicated with a screening cavity of the micro powder screening machine. The sifter linkage system has the advantages that ultramicro powder of various traditional Chinese medicines can be continuously produced in a large scale at normal temperature. The whole production system is positioned in a negative pressure environment, so that extra drying equipment is not required, and energy can be saved.