The utility model discloses a gas-slag separation integrated temporary pumping device for coal mine underground drilling. The gas-slag separation integrated temporary pumping device comprises a dust gas capturing cylinder and a water-gas-slag separation box, wherein a slag discharge port and a spray water inlet are formed in the dust gas capturing cylinder; gas recovery holes, a slag outlet and a water discharge outlet are formed in the water-gas-slug separation box; the dust gas capturing cylinder comprises an inner cylinder which extends into a drill hole for certain length; the outer wall of the inner cylinder is in sealed connection with the inner wall of the drill hole through a sealing device; the outer end of the inner cylinder is in coaxial rotatable connection with a rotating head through a bearing which is arranged in a bearing block; a through hole through which a drill rod can pass is formed in the rotating head, and is coaxial with a pipe hole of the inner cylinder, and the diameter of the through hole is smaller than that of the pipe hole; the slag discharge port and the spray water inlet are formed in the inner cylinder; and the rotating head has a split structure; and a gate valve is also arranged on the inner cylinder, and can plug an outlet of the inner cylinder positioned at the outer end of the slag discharge port. The gas-slag separation integrated temporary pumping device has the advantages that potential safety hazards caused by early gas leakage are avoided, a dust removal effect is good, the service life is long, the structure is simple, and the manufacturing cost is low.