The utility model relates to the field of financial security protection, in particular to a financial bill anti-counterfeiting authentication management system. The financial bill anti-counterfeiting authentication management system is characterized by comprising a bill storage device and a bill business device, wherein a laser scanning unit and a first fingerprint acquisition unit are arranged in the bill storage device; a second fingerprint acquisition unit is arranged in the bill business device; fingerprint which serves as a unique seal of a bill and has only one-time assignment right is stored in the bill storage device; the bill storage device is arranged in an issuing bank; the bill business device is arranged in a transaction bank; and the issuing bank and the transaction bank are networked through the internet, a wide area network or a bank intranet. Compared with the prior art, the financial bill anti-counterfeiting authentication management system has the advantages that by using the internet, the wide area network or the bank intranet, a laser scanning technology and the fingerprint acquisition technology are combined, and the fingerprint serves as the unique seal of the bill and has only one-time assignment right, so a crime of fraud by using an acceptance bill by means of a fictitious bill is avoided.