The utility model relates to a compression and amplification device of an FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating) filter. The compression and amplification device comprises a bracket, piezoelectric ceramic and an FBG, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic is arranged in the bracket, and the FBG is fixed on the bracket; the bracket comprises two parallel transversal bars and a longitudinal bar connected to the same ends of the transversal bars; the piezoelectric ceramic is fixed close to the longitudinal bar and between the two transversal bars of the bracket; and the FBG is fixed at the suspension ends of the two transversal bars. The compression and amplification device of the FBG filter can amplify the deformation of the piezoelectric ceramic through leverage, thus achieving a filter action by virtue of the compression and stretching of the pre-tensioned FBG.