The utility model discloses a power transformer winding interturn short circuit fault diagnosis system, and the system comprises a transformer, three same vibration sensors, a transition interface, a data acquisition instrument, and an analysis module, wherein input terminals of the three vibration sensors are respectively and firmly adsorbed through magnets on three positions corresponding to three-phase winding on a top face of a transformer fuel tank, output terminals of the vibration sensors are connected with an input terminal of the data acquisition instrument through the transition interface, the data acquisition instrument collects vibration information of the vibration sensors according to preset sampling frequency and sampling time, and the data acquisition instrument is connected with the analysis module through a netting wire interface. The diagnosis system is easily to be realized, and can accurately diagnosis short circuit faults.