The utility model discloses a dry distillation carbonization furnace for carbonizing wood materials. The dry distillation carbonization furnace comprises a hearth and a dry distillation kettle arranged in the hearth, wherein gaps between the dry distillation kettle and the hearth form a combustion chamber at the bottom of the hearth and flues on the inner sides of the hearth; the dry distillation kettle is composed of a dry distillation kettle body and a dry distillation kettle cover; inner fins and a material shelf which is matched with the shapes of the inner fins and can be freely picked and placed are arranged in the dry distillation kettle body; and outer fins for changing the flue structures are arranged on the outer wall of the dry distillation kettle body. The dry distillation carbonization furnace has the advantages that by arranging the inner and outer fins and the material shelf, the wood materials in the dry distillation kettle are uniformly heated, the half-cooked phenomenon is avoided, the heat exchange efficiency is simultaneously improved, the fuel consumption is reduced, the heating time is reduced, the charcoal yield is increased, and the charcoal quality is stabilized; and besides, the dry distillation carbonization furnace has a simple structure, can be suitable for carbonization production of all the wood materials such as fruitwood, hardwood, bamboo wood, agricultural and forestry wastes and the like, and has strong generalizability.