The utility model discloses a negative-pressure flash evaporation and dehydration device of a super heavy oil emulsion containing solid impurities. The negative-pressure flash evaporation and dehydration device comprises a flash evaporator, a pipeline, switching valves, a first oil storage tank, a pump, a preheater, a reheater, a circulating pump, a second oil storage tank, a condenser, a wastewater storage container and a vacuum pump which is used for exhausting noncondensable gases flowing into the wastewater storage container to atmosphere; the circumferential wall of the flash evaporator is also provided with a second emulsion inlet; and the first oil storage tank is communicated with the second oil storage tank through the pump, the preheater, the flash evaporator and the circulating pump in sequence, is communicated with the flash evaporator through the circulating pump and the reheater and is communicated with the vacuum pump through the flash evaporator, the condenser and the wastewater storage container. The novel-pressure flash evaporation and dehydration device is reasonable and compact in structure, the oil-water separation efficiency can be greatly improved, the energy consumption and the operation cost are reduced, and the technical problems that the flash evaporation efficiency is low and silt on an evaporating plate is difficult to clean in the conventional flash evaporation process equipment are solved.