The utility model relates to a transformer substation ground lead remote monitoring device based on a wireless sensor network. The transformer substation ground lead remote monitoring device comprises a host machine module, a wireless sensor network base station, ground lead remote monitoring nodes and an encodable grounding device. The host machine module is connected with the wireless sensor network base station in a wired mode. The wireless sensor network base station is connected with a plurality of ground lead remote monitoring nodes in a digital wireless communication mode. The ground lead remote monitoring nodes are connected with the encodable grounding device. The encodable grounding device comprises an encodable grounding head which codes by using a magnetic address and an encodable grounding stud, wherein the encodable grounding head is fixedly arranged on the encodable grounding stud, the encodable grounding head and the encodable grounding stud are electrically connected, the ground lead remote monitoring nodes are fixedly arranged on the encodable grounding stud, and the physical location of the encodable grounding stud and address codes are input into a database of the host machine module together. The transformer substation ground lead remote monitoring device based on the wireless sensor network has the advantages of helping circuit maintenance personnel know the safety situation of a circuit at any time, guaranteeing personnel security and reducing potential risks.