The utility model relates to a novel thrust cylindrical roller bearing with a splined retaining rack. The novel thrust cylindrical roller bearing with the splined retaining rack is mainly applied to the field of cement and metallurgical slag and is mounted on a vertical cement mill. The novel thrust cylindrical roller bearing comprises a retaining rack, a seat ring, a shaft ring and rollers, wherein the rollers are mounted in the retaining rack so as to form a roller assembly, and the bearing is formed by the roller assembly, the shaft ring and the seat ring. The retaining rack adopts a strengthened splined structure. According to the novel thrust cylindrical roller bearing, the retaining rack with the splined structure is adopted, so that the strength of the retaining rack is strengthened, the weight of the retaining rack is effectively reduced, and the rotating speed of the bearing is increased; and meanwhile, the lubrication between the rollers and the retaining rack is facilitated, the friction between the rollers and the retaining rack and the friction between the retaining rack and the bearing seat ring are reduced, and the heat dissipating efficiency is increased, so that the service life of the bearing is prolonged.