Disclosed in the utility model is a field fault recording system for an overhead line. The field fault recording system comprises a single-phase fault recording device and communication terminals. The single-phase fault recording device includes a sampling module, an electricity taking module, and a CPU, wherein the sampling module, the electricity taking module, and the CPU are successively connected; and the CPU is respectively connected with a radio frequency communication module and a GPS module. The sampling module collects a current signal on an overhead line; after the voltage stabilization by the electricity taking module, the processed signal is inputted to the CPU for processing and analyzing; the CPU transmits a fault signal obtained by the processing and analyzing as well as a fault point address geography information obtained according to the GPS module to the radio frequency communication module; the radio frequency communication module carries out communication with one nearest communication terminal; the received address geography information is transmitted to a main station server by all the communication terminals; and the main station server carries out combination processing to obtain address geography information of the fault point position. With utilization of the field failure recording system, the fault on the overhead line can be localized and analyzed based on the low cost.