A flame-retarding photoelectric composite cable comprises a conductor layer, an insulating layer and a sheath layer which are arranged from inside to outside. The conductor layer comprises an optical cable core and a plurality of electric cable cores uniformly distributed around the optical cable core. Filler is arranged between the optical cable core and the electric cable cores. The optical cable core and the electric cable cores are externally provided with a mica wrapping layer and a silica gel layer in sequence. The insulating layer is an ethylene propylene insulating layer. Compared with the prior art, the flame-retarding photoelectric composite cable is reasonable and simple in structure, easy to produce and manufacture and low in cost. The mica wrapping layer, the silica gel layer and the inorganic paper string filler improve flame retardation and fireproof performances of the cable, and the sheath layer is provided with a plurality of cooling fireproof pipes to enable the cable to be used under high temperature conditions. The flame-retarding photoelectric composite cable can be widely used in systems of large-scale power stations, high-rise buildings, tunnels, subways and the like, and has excellent popularization and application values and a wide market prospect.