The utility model discloses an arc protection device adopting a communication method for transmitting current information. The arc protection device adopting the communication method for transmitting current information includes an arc sensor arranged in a cable vault and/or a switch vault of a switch cabinet; a photoelectric converter connected with an arc sensor through an optical fiber; a comparator connected with the photoelectric converter; at least one current transformer arranged on a power circuit of the switch cabinet; a current collector connected with the current transformer; an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) provided with an input terminal connected with the comparator and the current transformer respectively and used for producing relay control signals; and a relay connected to the power circuit of the switch cabinet in series and switched on and switched off by relay control signals produced by the FPGA. By using the arc protection device adopting the communication method for transmitting current information, comprehensive protection of inner failures of the switch cabinet can be realized without influencing a prior relay protection device. At the same time, error operation caused by an interference light source can be prevented, and a defect that power failure area is enlarged since a traditional arc protection device disconnects power supply points once arc is detected is avoided.