The utility model relates to the technical field of transformers, in particular to a radiating protection structure of a box-shaped transformer. The radiating protection structure comprises a box body, wherein a dry type transformer, a high-voltage power distribution device and a low-voltage power distribution device are arranged in the box body which is made of metal sheets. An air feeding machine is arranged at the top of the box body, and air fed by the air feeding machine passes through the dry type transformer, the high-voltage power distribution device and the low-voltage power distribution device in the box body. Air return passages are arranged at the bottom of the box body, inlets of the air return passages are distributed all around the bottom of the box body, and outlets of the air return passages are connected with an air discharging machine. Air fed into the box body moves from top to bottom, and the inlets of the air return passages are distributed all around the bottom in the box body so that the air in the box body can enter the air return passages in a cover-shaped mode, the air blown into the box body can move all around in a diffusing mode so as to cover all directions in the box body, heat in the box body can be taken away effectively, temperature in the box body can be even, and the radiating protection structure of the box-shaped transformer is safe to use, simple in structure, scientific and reasonable, easy to manufacture and low in cost.