The utility model relates to a multi-kernel data exchange device based on data-caching reconfiguration. The multi-kernel data exchange device comprises a first processing kernel, a second processing kernel, a caching cross switch and a switch control module which is connected between the first processing kernel and the second processing kernel. The first processing kernel is provided with a first route of data-caching mechanism and a second route of data-caching mechanism which are in associative mapping, the second processing kernel is provided with a third route of data-caching mechanism and a fourth route of data-caching mechanism which are in associative mapping, and the caching cross switch is respectively connected with the first processing kernel, the second processing kernel, the second route of data-caching mechanism, the third route of data-caching mechanism and the switch control module. Existing data-caching mechanisms are adopted, and quick exchange of a large amount of data is achieved through mutual switching of the data-caching mechanisms.