The utility model relates to the technical field of power system, in particular to a short-circuit failure judgment device applied to a fault current limiter. The short-circuit failure judgment device comprises a signal sampling device, a four-order high-pass filter, a band-pass filter, an analog-digital sampling circuit, a digital processing circuit, an integral circuit, two voltage detectors and a judgment comparator, wherein an output end of the signal sampling device is respectively connected with input ends of the analog-digital sampling circuit and the band-pass filter, the analog-digital sampling circuit and the digital processing circuit are connected to an output end of the four-order high-pass filter in sequence, the integral circuit is connected with a first voltage detector in series, an input end of the integral circuit is connected with an output end of the band-pass filter, a second voltage detector is connected in parallel with a branch composed of the integral circuit and the first voltage detector, and output ends of the first voltage detector, the second voltage detector and the digital processing circuit are respectively connected with an input end of the judgment comparator. The short-circuit failure judgment device can judge short circuit failure more quickly and reliably.