A power line carrier communication based data acquisition and analysis system comprises a power module, a microprocessor, a low voltage carrier module used for acquiring and sending data to the microprocessor, a data storage module and a control and display module, wherein the processor, the low voltage carrier module, the data storage module and the control and display module are respectively connected with an output end of the power module, the low voltage carrier module, the data storage module and the control and display module are further respectively in communication connection with the microprocessor, the power module forms a zero line terminal and a firing line terminal, and the low voltage carrier module is further connected with the zero line terminal and the firing line terminal. The power line carrier communication based data acquisition and analysis system takes the microprocessor as the system control core, the microprocessor sends and receives the data of a module to be acquired through the low voltage carrier module, the data can be read, displayed, recorded and analyzed, are displayed by the control and display module after being processed, and are saved by the data storage module, so as to guarantee that the data cannot be lost in case of power failure, as a result, the workload is reduced, the working efficiency is improved, the data can be acquired accurately and timely, and the comprehensive analysis and summarizing can be conducted more conveniently.