The utility model discloses an intelligent operation external mounting type monitoring system of a bituminous pavement road roller. The intelligent operation external mounting monitoring system comprises a shell and a speed sensor, wherein the shell is provided with a compaction degree detector, a temperature sensor, a GPS (global position system), an information processing unit and an alarm device, the compaction degree detector comprises three probes which are positioned at the same level and used for measuring distance, the compaction degree detector is electrically connected with the signal input end of the information processing unit, the speed sensor is electrically connected with the signal input end of the information processing unit, the speed sensor is installed on the side surface of a tyre of the road roller, the temperature sensor is electrically connected with the signal input end of the information processing unit, the alarm device is electrically connected with the signal output end of the information processing unit, and the GPS position indicator is connected with the signal input end of the information processing unit. The intelligent operation external mounting monitoring system can be installed on a common road roller for use, thus being flexible in use manner; the intelligent operation external mounting monitoring system can be used for monitoring the degree of compaction and temperature of the pavement and the speed of the road roller, can remind a driver of the road roller, and guarantees the quality of the pavement.