The utility model discloses a multilayer cloud real-time distance measurement device. The multilayer cloud real-time distance measurement device comprises a laser beam expanding and shaping system, a laser diode, a signal identification timer, a system control module, a photoelectric detector, a subsequent light path, a small hole diaphragm and a receiving telescope, wherein the laser beam expanding and shaping system is arranged in front of the laser diode; the laser diode is connected to the signal identification timer; the system control module is connected with the signal identification timer; the signal identification timer is also connected with the photoelectric detector; the photoelectric detector is connected with the subsequent light path; the small hole diaphragm and the receiving telescope are arranged in front of the subsequent light path in sequence; the laser beam expanding and shaping system is formed by the combination of a plurality of adjustable lenses; the laser diode is an infrared laser diode. According to the multilayer cloud real-time distance measurement device, an efficient optical transmitting and receiving system and a simple low-cost distance measurement identification circuit are adopted, and the multilayer cloud-base height can be measured. The multilayer cloud real-time distance measurement device can automatically work all the time in an unattended manner and is applicable to weather, environment protection and measurement of the cloud-base height and cloud layers of airports.