The utility model relates to a compound water purification system of an algal-bacterial symbiotic surface flow wetland. The compound water purification system is a pond bed coupling compound system combining a high rate algal pond (3) with a surface flow wetland (5), wherein a water inlet (1) is formed in one side of the high rate algal pond (3); a spiral agitator (2) driven by an external motor (10) is arranged inside the high rate algal pond (3); a substrate (7) is arranged at the bottom of the surface flow wetland (5); aquatic plants (6) are planted on the substrate (7); a water outlet (8) and a blow-off valve (9) are arranged on the other side of the surface flow wetland (5); the high rate algal pond (3) and the surface flow wetland (5) are connected with each other through a communicating valve (4). The compound water purification system is less in investment, easy to manage, low in operating cost, and simple and convenient to operate and run, a plurality of pollutants can be simultaneously removed effectively by using the principle of algal-bacterial symbiotic metabolism, the treatment efficiency is increased, emission of carbon dioxide is reduced, and a novel sewage treatment system which is efficient, stable and energy-saving is formed.