The utility model relates to a pin roller type overrunning clutch with double-groove mutually-clamped type one-way positioning pin rollers. The pin roller type overrunning clutch comprises an outer ring, a groove in the outer ring, an inner ring, a groove in the inner ring, the pin rollers, a lantern ring and a one-way positioning device combined with the lantern ring together. According to the pin roller type overrunning clutch, the pin rollers are positioned through the one-way positioning device on the lantern ring so that the pin rollers can be positioned in the groove in the inner ring and the groove in the outer ring and can be mutually clamped through the inner ring and the outer ring, and therefore the inner ring and the outer ring are separated or combined. The pin roller type overrunning clutch is mainly applied to second-level turbine transmission of a loader and holdback machines of various mechanical devices. The pin roller type overrunning clutch is reliably and automatically locked and conveniently unlocked; the longer the pin roller type overrunning clutch is used, the larger the transmission torque is and the more durable the pin roller type overrunning clutch is.